Life of Pi by Yann Martel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 347 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Life of Pi Essay Did you like this example? In Life Of Pi author Yann Martel describes characters who use hope and resourcefulness in a stranded ocean trying to survive. The story centers with characters Pi, and a tiger Richard Parker, who all have hope, even though theyre stranded in a ocean after their ship sunk. When Pi saw that his ship was snapped and beginning to sink all he could do was hang on a oar. In front of him was an adult tiger and sharks beneath him, and a storm raging about him. Pi noticed that Richard Parker was out of sight so he stills hangs on a oar with sharks prowled but they didnt lounge at him the waves splashed on him but did not pull him off. He looks for his family, a lifeboat, and other survivors anything that could give him hope but he found nothing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Life of Pi by Yann Martel" essay for you Create order Only rain, marauding waves of black ocean and the flotsam of tragedy. Pi was starting to feel pain in neck, back, and head but he needed to see if there were any other lifeboats. Pi uses everything he can to survive the storm. He founds out that Richard Parker is dead so he said God preserve me! Pi said the only thing that could calm him down was Richard Parker he looks around the horizon for a perfect circus ring for Richard Parker to hide in but he found nothing. Pi finds water and other supplies that he needed to survive and he drunk and drunk until his panic ws gone, hiLife in an extreme environment requires a sense of hope and the intelligence to use all available resources. In the story Life Of Pi,s fear was dominated. Survival was at hand. It came to be: Plan Number Seven: Keep Him Alive. The author effectively conveys the challenge of this extreme environment through details of the characters reactions. Pi and Richard Parkers hope and resourcefulness will help them survive. Hope and resourcefulness are powerful tools to survive any challenge that life brings you even if its hard to accomplish work hard to survive it.

The Void of Learning Explained in Plato’s Allegory of the...

After reading Plato’s Allegory of the Cave I began to wonder whether or not others have encountered an experience similar to what Socrates described here. In the cave Plato conjures up the theory that humans and the prisoners in a cave have similar characteristics. One of the characteristics is that we are close-minded people until someone or something comes along to prove that our ideas are incorrect in some way, shape, or form. As humans we have an interesting way in which we learn things and this is exhibited throughout the Allegory of the Cave. In the cave Socrates envisioned three prisoners that had been there since birth. Chains bound the prisoners by their legs and necks and all they knew of the world was the shadows that danced along the cave’s wall in front of them. The only light in the cave is from a fire that is a great distance behind them and elevated. Between them and the fire lies a road that has a wall built in front of it in sections. Behind the wall people carry a variety of artifacts, which stretch above the wall and cast forth shadows against the cave wall in front of the prisoners (Solomon). The prisoners are chained so that they cannot turn around and see what is behind them and therefore can only depict what they see from the shadows, which may be skewed from the way the light casts them on the wall. Behind the prisoners is another wall that obscures the shadows of the people carrying the artifacts so that the only thing being cast along

The More Effective ICT Management Education Essay Free Essays

string(64) " with the support of five House Coordinators and single coachs\." Nowadays, most schools are increasing involved in the usage of Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) in their instruction environment. The more effectual ICT direction is the more benefits that the pupils, the staff and the households receive from its ICT investing. West Moreton Anglican College is the school supplying move direction services to its pupils. We will write a custom essay sample on The More Effective ICT Management Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Information and Communication Technology section focuses on the more specific ICT degree that the pupils learn about ICT package usage, societal issues and scheduling ; evaluates and modifies the ICT ; Information Processing and Technology ( IPT ) and Information Technology Systems Programs ( ITSP ) to guarantee the emerging engineerings and future accomplishments of our society are met. The intent of this study is to supply the information about the systematic procedure of ICT direction based on the IT Infrastructure Ecosystem at West Moreton Anglican College. In fixing the study, the information is gathered largely from via electronic mail to interview the Information and Communication Technology Department, West Moreton Anglican College ‘s News, though information from the web sites and text edition was besides utilized. The analysis takes into history the administration construction, environment, nature, policies and its engineering. The information is presented in 3 bundles which are Management deductions, Organizational issues and Technology facets. The study is prepared based on the demand of IT Infrastructure Ecosystem of the West Moreton Anglican College and interpolation of the analytical procedure of why the Cloud Computing is of import for the College and what benefits the school could obtain from Big Data. As puting in its IT substructure, the College updates the current package and hardware, which are including a complete waiter refresh and migration to Windows 7 and Microsoft Office. The college starts to utilize the informations # 3 of Cloud Computing, it ‘s the clip to allow the pupils ‘go to the cloud ‘ , and the pupils could be able to entree their school assignments easy from their ain place Personal computer, West Moreton Anglican College ‘s Personal computer and their iPad ; that is besides convenient to the instructors to fix the lessons, whenever they want. Additionally, the College launched its ain iDevice App available on iTunes that gives pupils and instructors instant, unafraid entree to information including their timetable, day-to-day notices, appraisal and jaunt calendars and College events calendar. This session revisits cardinal determinations that were required to be made in order to back up this enterprise, hazards identified, obstructions, benefits to pupils and instructors and a expression toward the following few old ages of this on-going enterprise. West Moreton Anglican College launched the â€Å" Technology and Information Services Strategy † which are integrating Digital Teaching and Learning. The plan has been supported by practical, collaborative infinites utilizing Edublogs, Facebook and Twitter. The pupils can post their noticing about school. This could assist the school might pick up the issues and protecting the college ‘s repute and supplying a quality experience for the pupils and parents. 1. Introduction: Information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) becomes more of import portion of school operation exponentially. It is important that organisations know how to supply high-performance platforms for staffs work loads, schoolroom direction, information analysis, learning modeling and visual image, pull offing research, convenient cooperation between the co-worker, and coaction across multiple school. Most school usage ICT in their instruction environment, nevertheless they can non maximise the benefits to execute their concern undertakings expeditiously and efficaciously. I am traveling to place the West Moreton Anglican College sustainable usage the information and communicating engineering to accomplish the operating of instruction aims. This study is being produced to supply the information of how to heighten and use in the direction of its IT Infrastructure engineering, and urge a scheme to assist school program to leverage Big Data to accomplish its singular instruction operati on aim. 1.1 Background of West Moreton Anglican College: West Moreton Anglican College is owned and operated by the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane. The College was established on 31 January 1994, from an initial consumption of 225 kids development to about 1600 pupils ; the College has a staff of 104 full-time learning staff and 49 administrative and accessory staff ; and it is located on a semi-rural campus of 38 hectares in Ipswich. 1.2 The services of West Moreton Anglican College: Co-educational environment of West Moreton Anglican College consists of Senior, Middle and Junior Schools and Community Kindergarten, the college besides opens International pupils programme. 1.3 The mission of West Moreton Anglican College: West Moreton Anglican College ‘s mission to the pupils, harmonizing to the really first prospectus, is to develop the balanced, to the full rounded and motivated persons who can make their maximal possible intellectually, socially, culturally, physically and emotionally ; let each pupil to prosecute single excellence. West Moreton Anglican College besides promises to parents is that their kids will have a quality instruction at an low-cost monetary value. The College ‘s slogan is Faith, Knowledge, Service. 1.4 The Structure of West Moreton Anglican College: West Moreton Anglican College has a staff of 104 full-time learning staff and 49 administrative and accessory staff. The West Moreton Anglican College Council is responsible for pull offing the personal businesss of the College and supervising its concerns and public assistance. The principal, in concurrence with the school Council, makes the executive determinations that govern the school, every bit good as holding the authorization over the employment of instructors. The Principal has a Senior Administration Team of 12 members. They are Principal-self, Deputy principal, Head of Senior School, Head of Middle School, Head of Junior School, Business Manager, Director of Curriculum, Director of Technology A ; Information Services, Director of International Programs, Director of Sport A ; Extra Curriculum Activity, These section are support in the countries of course of study, human resource direction, installation direction, finance, and selling and development. As the College has three sub-schools ; every school severally set up of Head, Deputy Head and Receptionist. Head and Deputy Head direct staff with the support of five House Coordinators and single coachs. You read "The More Effective ICT Management Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" As the College is Christian Living, a Chaplain provides pastoral attention and nurtures the religion of the College community as a whole. The academic plan has offerings in Agricultural Studies, Art, RAVE ( Religious and Values Education ) , Drama, English, Health and Physical Education, Information Communication Technology, languages other than English ( Nipponese and Mandarin Chinese ) , Mathematics, Music, Science and Social Science. The ICT section of the College provide services to every section of the college. It is every bit important as its services cover the whole school. 1.5 West Moreton Anglican College Strategy: Bettering the manner we do things and raising the outlooks of and criterions for our community. Supplying plans that are antiphonal to student demands, sustainable and optimise pupil accomplishment. Constructing a civilization of high pupil accomplishment Prioritisation and rationalization of plans to let for effectual resourcing to enable single excellence Keeping and prolonging a antiphonal and effectual pastoral attention plan Transforming our community through religion, service and acquisition. Empowering persons Making a sense of belonging – yesteryear and nowadays Bing unfastened to possibilities and unfastened to alter Integrating religion and societal justness Raising our repute and edifice relationships so as to increase registrations and beef up our community. Bing recognised in the wider community for our cardinal strengths Enhancing our links in the local community Increasing registrations to develop waiting lists Improved selling through ‘word of oral cavity ‘ Strengthening our holistic attack to instruction Expand our market incursion into Attracting, retaining and developing high quality staff. Developing staff who are advanced, committed and professional Improved communicating within and across the administration Strengthening our HR capacity Committedness to targeted, value-add professional development new catchment countries Re-engineering our work flows and patterns to derive greater efficiencies and effectivity. Credence by staff of increased personal and group answerability for efficiency and effectivity Improved client satisfaction through concern procedure efficaciousness Bettering engineering competency by College staff to run into the challenges of this precedence Supplying resources appropriate to our market places that are aligned to hold plans and precedences. All plans are suitably housed and resourced ( purpose built ) Facilities and resources match or exceed market ( client ) outlook Our beacon plans are showcased and acknowledged by the wider community All plans supported by appropriate, modern-day engineering Guaranting long-run fiscal sustainability. Debt reduced to degrees that allow for extra capital enlargement Appropriately resource the enterprises contained within this program Improved pupil results ; Heightened parent satisfaction ; Enhanced staff battle ; Long term fiscal stableness. 1.6 The West Moreton Anglican College ‘s relationship with external entities: West Moreton Anglican College has strong support programme to the Australia Defence Families. The College has a Defence Transition Mentor who faces the pupils of Middle pupil and besides has a Defence passage Mentor who coordinates at Junior School. They assist Defence Families, peculiarly during passages between schools and during parental absence. As the West Moreton Anglican College is the largest supplier of Vocational Education and Training ( VET ) plans in Queensland, the College builds a steadfast partnership with the private sector, which allows pupils to take part in employment 1 twenty-four hours a hebdomad while deriving a nationally recognised making, typically Certificate II or III. This typical relationship with external entities is first-class tools to assist ease pupils have a smooth passage to full clip employment in an of all time altering environment. 1.7 West Moreton Anglican College ‘s web site: www.wmac.com.au 2. The IT Infrastructure: As the shared engineering of the elements, IT substructure provides the platform within a school ‘s peculiar information system applications. It enables instructors, pupils and school staffs to entree a broad scope of maps, services, larning tools and digital information resources which support instruction, larning and school disposal. IT substructure includes hardware, package and services. The whole College portions this engineering, which provides the maps for leaving the cognition, pupils ‘ information engineering ability preparation, and the school day-to-day service. Harmonizing to the text edition â€Å" Laudon and Laudon 12th edn p.206 † , the IT substructure of the West Moreton Anglican College is typically composed by seven major of interrelated engineering constituents. 2.1 Computer Hardware Platforms: West Moreton Anglican College is taking the instruction sector ‘s engineering revolution by making an Australian first iPad app that places critical information at pupils ‘ fingertips. The current version of the WestMAC app provides pupils with instant entree to day-to-day notices, timetables, assessment calendars, jaunt inside informations and other of import College information. WestMAC Director of Technology and Information Services Tricia O’Keeffe said pupils are better prepared when they arrive at the College and are more likely to concentrate and concentrate in category as a consequence of holding entree to the app. â€Å" Supplying pupils and staff with instant entree to reliable, quality information translates into giving them the chance to do quality determinations, † Ms O’Keeffe said. She said the first version of the app was launched to pupils in early 2011 and the 2nd version, which introduces characteristics including on-line research databases, assignment assistants and cyber-safety resources, would be launched in the approaching hebdomads. Students in all sub-schools at the College – including Junior School ( Prep to Year 6 ) , Middle School ( Years 7 to 9 ) and Senior School ( Years 10 to 12 ) all have entree to the app and can entree it on their ain personally owned nomadic device. WestMAC pupils in Years 11 and 12 can entree the app via the iPad provided to them via the Federal Government ‘s National Secondary School Computer Fund as portion of WestMAC ‘s Mobile Learning Device Strategy. Students from Prep to Year 10 besides have entree to iPads during schoolroom activities. WestMAC Principal Geoff McLay said the College has embraced engineering as a agency of fixing pupils for the existent universe as they progress through their surveies and onto third instruction and employment. â€Å" It is critical that we provide our pupils with learning resources that equip them with the accomplishments and tools they need to win both during their school old ages and beyond, † Mr McLay said. â€Å" The 2nd version of the WestMAC app will further develop our pupils ‘ self-denial and clip direction accomplishments, every bit good as supplying instant entree to planetary on-line resources to heighten larning results, † he said. 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Recent Developments In National Arbitration â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Recent Developments In National Arbitration? Answer: Introducation A free trade area refers to the region entailing a trade bloc for those member countries that have entered into a free trade agreement (FTA). These agreements include cooperation between two countries with a view to reduce trade barriers, import tariffs and quota and enhance trade of goods and services with each other. These agreements are significant as it establishes a free trade area that enables to conduct trade with respect to commerce in goods and services across the common borders of those countries without any form of hindrances or tariffs. However, in such trade area commerce in goods and services are permitted to be conducted without any hindrances but free movement of capital or labor is prohibited, in contrary to a common market. A free trade area is permissible under article XXIV of GATT 1994 and the creation of such free trade areas are permitted provided they are not in conflict with any broader principles of the International trade law[1]. The members of World Trade Organization are required to fulfill their obligations under the WTO agreements. A WTO member is entitled to join a regional trade agreement (RTA) or free trade agreement (FTA) and such agreements may be bilateral or unilateral. Free trade is a policy that is followed by some international markets in which the parties to the agreement do not restrict exports to or imports from other countries[2]. The European Economic Area that has established open markets is an example of free trade. Majority of nations are parties to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements. The reduction of trade barriers to trade under free trade agreements has a positive effect on economic growth unlike the protectionism policies introduced by certain governments demonstrating a negative effect on the economic growth of the respective nations[3]. The significance of free trade agreements lies in the fact that such agreements enables to trade goods and services without taxes or other trade barriers such quotas on imports[4]. The nonexistence of the policies that distorts trade such as subsidies, taxes etc places the firms, households and other production factors at an advantageous position. According to the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in 2014, China was Australias largest export market for both services and goods which amounts to a third of total exports and is a growing source of foreign investment. After 10 years of negotiation regarding the free trade agreement between Australia and Republic of China, the negotiation was concluded and the ChAFTA was commenced on 20 December 2015. China is considered the top market for Australias agricultural, export services and resources. There has been a steady incline in the investment made by China in Australia that has reached $A65 billion in the year 2014[5]. The Australian Trade and Investment Minister Andrew Robb and Chinas Commerce Minister Gao Hucheng have signed the ChAFTA with an intention to comply with the agreement and act accordingly. The implementation of the agreement would make 95 percent of the Australian export goods tariff free, which includes the agricultural products such as dairy and beef. The benefits of ChAFTA to China would include the following: Chinese exporters of goods will enable China to save billions of taxes; It would increase Visa approvals for the Chinese; There will be an increase in the FDI facilities in Australia; The benefits of the agreement to Australia include the following: The Australia exporters shall be entitled to export goods at 95% duty free; There shall be removal of tariffs on Chinese imports benefitting the Australian businesses and consumers; There shall be an increase in the mobility of the Business and skilled workers with an enhancement in the visa approvals for the holiday makers and the workers to 5000 per year and improvement in the temporary entry access; The primary objective of ChAFTA is to secure the competitive position of Australia with its largest trading partner and create a foundation for a stronger and deeper long-term planned partnership between the two countries. This Free Trade Agreement aims at developing a stronger engagement socially, politically and economically between both the countries. The agreement has granted Australian Businesses with unprecedented access to the rapidly growing markets in the world, giving the nation an opportunity to earn billions of dollars through its exports and other investment opportunities[6]. The implementation of the ChAFTA is not only the responsibility of the governments of both the countries but it is necessary for the business communities of both the countries to support the agreement and cooperate with the respective governments to successfully implement the agreement[7]. In order to attain the primary objectives, the countries are required to come together for exploring opportunities for developing integrated partnership models that include the complete value chain from research and development to marketing and sales[8]. Advantages of ChAFTA for Australia are as follows: The Australian consumers shall enjoy Chinese Manufactured products such as white goods and electronic goods at cheaper price with 5 percent tariff; Tariffs on Australian manufactured goods has been eliminated up to 3-14 percent; There has been a decline in some processed foods such as orange juice, canned fruit etc.; The Australian tourism and hospitality operators are guaranteed that they can operate wholly-owned subsidiaries including hotels and restaurants in China; The Australian firms shall be entitled to bring legal action against Chinese governments for making any change in their policies that would have an adverse impact upon the interests of Australia; Australia is subjected to the following disadvantages due to implementation of the ChAFTA: There has not been any decline in the tariff for wool, cotton, rice, maize or canola; If the Chinese imported products such as beef or milk powders exceeds the stipulated limits, China shall be entitled to impose additional customs duties; The Chinese firms shall be entitled to bring legal action against Australian government for incorporating any changes in the policies that adversely affects the interests of China; The Chinese investors making investment in projects that values over $150 million shall be entitled to exercise additional rights of bringing in temporary migrant workers to Australia without undergoing any local labor market testing; In case of a breach of the terms stipulated under the Investment Chapter of the ChAFTA, the disputed parties to the agreement may claim for Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). The ISDS claim can only be made in the event of a breach of either Partys obligation to provide non-discriminatory treatment with respect to established investments of the other Party. The Investment Chapter and ISDS provisions aim at safeguarding the legitimate government regulation in the field of environment and public health. A claim for ISDS cannot be made for commission of breach of obligations in any other chapter of ChAFTA. The parties to this agreement are required to agree on the interpretation and application of this Agreement and shall attempt to come to a satisfactory resolution regarding any matter pertaining to this agreement. However, in case of disputes, the parties may resort to arbitration, conciliation or mediation. Australia v Japan: New Zealand Intervening Whether Japans whaling program under the second phase of Japanese Whale Research Program under JAPRA II was a conduct against its obligations under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) The ICRW was developed in Washington with a view to conserve whale stocks and make development in the whaling industry. JAPRA II was created to estimate the number of Antarctic minke whales and Japan was ordered to reduce all lethal research. Australia alleged that Japan breached its obligation under ICRW. The basis of jurisdiction of the ICJ was the Optional Clause Declaration under Article 36(2) of the Statute of the ICJ. It states that the state parties to this statute is entitled to declare they recognize the jurisdiction of the Court in relation to any other state that accepts the same obligation, in every legal disputes regarding interpretation of treaty involving any question of international law. Australia invoked the jurisdiction of the ICJ on the ground of reservation (b) of the Australias declaration which was invoked by Japan on the ground of reciprocity. Article VIII Para of the ICRW prohibits state parties to put zero catch limits for whaling for commercial purposes under para 10(e)[9]. The state parties are prohibited from undertaking commercial whaling of fin whales under Para 7(b). The state parties must treat the whales properly and must not kill them. The ICJ had jurisdiction to examine the application under Article 36 para 2 of the Statute of the ICJ. The International Whaling commission allowed a reasonable amount of whales to be used for conducting scientific research and to obtain permission this legislative intent of Article VIII, Para 1 of ICRW to JAPRA II, which is to permit use of certain whales for scientific research, must be fulfilled by the applicant. The special permits that Japan granted was in contravention of Article VIII Para 1 of the ICRW and have acted against the moratorium stiulatd under Para 10(e), 7(b) as well. Japan must cease its whaling program in the southern ocean and the program can be continues in compliance with the articles stipulated in ICRW. Australia- Automotive Leather II (WTO) Whether Australian governments assistance and loan contract to Howe, a wholly owned subsidiary of Australian Leather Upholstery Pty Ltd that is owned by the Australian leather holding Limited were subsidies under Article 3.1(a) A dispute under the World Trade Agreement (WTO) arises when a member of the WTO opines that another member is contravening the WTO. Article 4 of WTO allows member to consult with another meber regarding any measures that is affecting any agreement of the person consulting. If the dispute is not resolved within 60 days, the complainant may request for a panel. Article 6 states a panel must identify the measures at issue and if panel is requested, DSB must establish a panel. After considering oral and written arguments, the panel issues its facts and arguments in the form of repot to the disputing parties. The panel submits its findings and conclusions to the disputed parties as an interim report under Article 12 of the WTO. Article 3.1(a) of ASCM defines prohibited subsidies and export subsidies. According to Article 4.7 of eh ASCM a recommendation may be made by the Panel established in the Dispute settlement body under the WTO to withdraw a prohibited subsidy within 90-day period from the date the report of the panel is adopted by the DSB. The United States made a complaint against Australia as the measures adopted by Australia was in contravention of Article 3.1(a) of the ASCM in relation to the grant contract and loan contract assisted by the Australian government to Howe. The dispute was not resolved within 90 days as a result of which US requested for a panel to identify the measures at issue. As per the findings of the Panel, with respect to the grant contract, the payments that were made under such grant contract amounted to subsidies that are prohibited under Article 3.1(a). the findings were based on the ground that such payments made to the granted contract were actually tied to export performance. The Panel concluded that payments made with respect to the loan contract did not contravene Article 3.1(a) as the terms of the contract did not contain anything that would suggest a specific link for anticipating earnings from exportation. The Panel further recommended as per Article 4.7 of the ASCM that Australia should withdraw the subsidies within 90 days from the date it adopts the reports issued by the DSB as such subsidies are prohibited subsidies under Article 3.1(a) of the Firebird Global Master Fund II Ltd v Republic of Nauru Anor [2015] HCA 43 Whether Foreign States Immunities Act 1985, (Cth) applied to registration and enforcement of the Tokyo judgment Australia is a signatory of the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters. The Convention aims at ensuring that service is effected successfully between the parties to such Convention. Under The Hague Evidence convention, A letter of Request is required to obtain assistance with the taking of evidence under the International agreement. Judicial co-operation through the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is essential in order to determine concerned cases[10]. Section 9 of the Foreign States Immunities Act 1985 (Cth) entitles immunity from jurisdiction that is recognized under the Statute and that the exception under section 11(1) of the Act as commercial transactions is not applicable to the proceedings for registration under the Foreign Judgment Act[11]. Firebird, the appellant, was the holder of bonds guaranteed by Nauru and Firebird obtained judgement from Tokyo District Court for default in the bonds along with costs and interests against Nauru as guarantor. Subsequently, the appellant also obtained an order from the Supreme Court of NSW that the foreign judgment shall be registered under the Foreign Judgments Act 1991 (Cth[12]). The appellant obtained a garnishee order against the Australian bank where Nauri had kept the accounts. Nauru filed motions to set aside the registration of the foreign judgment and the garnishee order, which was set aside. The High Court dismissed the appeal and held that proceedings for the registration of the foreign judgment under the Foreign Judgments Act are recognized under section 9 of the Foreign States Immunities Act. Hence, Nauru is entitled to immunity from execution against the bank accounts held in Australia under the Foreign States Immunities Act, as the purpose of the accounts was not commercial in nature. Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (ACICA) Issue Caledonie Sarl v Vale Inco Nouvelle Caledonie SAS excluded UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration Section 21 of the International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) (IAA) allowed the parties to the dispute to resolve their disputes without applying the Model Law[13]. The change in the section shall not allow the parties in dispute to contract out of the model Law in relation to International Arbitration in case, there is no selected Australian procedural law. The amendments to the IAA suggest that no arbitration law except the Model Law can ever apply to an international commercial arbitration when the seat of arbitration is in Australia. The NSW Supreme Court held that selecting to apply the ICC rule to resolve dispute does not imply that Model Law has been excluded under section 21 of the Act. With the implementation of the amendment, the decision whether international commercial arbitration in Australia is governed by the Model Law is to be determined as per the legislative intent of section 21 of the IAA 2010 (Cth)[14]. It states that the parties to dispute do not have any option to exclude Model Law and decide which arbitration rules should be applied to resolve commercial disputes[15]. Conclusion The parties have excluded the Model Law under section 21 of the IAA by referring to the NSW Commercial arbitration legislation to resolve their disputes Reference List Australia- Automotive Leather II (WTO) Australia v Japan: New Zealand Intervening [2014] Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (ACICA) Dispute settling Body WTO Firebird Global Master Fund II Ltd v Republic of Nauru Anor [2015] HCA 43 Foreign Judgments Act 1991 (Cth) Foreign States Immunities Act 1985, (Cth) Hoekman, Bernard M., and Petros C. Mavroidis.World Trade Organization (WTO): Law, Economics, and Politics. Routledge, 2015. International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) International Arbitration Act 2010 (Cth) International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) Matsushita, Mitsuo, et al.The World Trade Organization: law, practice, and policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. McQueen, Peter, John Cooper, and Damian Watkin. "International commercial arbitration in Australia: Today and tomorrow."Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory234 (2014): 22. Morrison, James, and Mary Flanagan. "Recent Developments in International Arbitration in Australia 2015/2016."Journal of International Arbitration33.6 (2016): 723-737. Newman, Lawrence W., and Richard D. Hill.Leading Arbitrators' Guide to International Arbitration. Juris Publishing, Inc., 2014. Petrovic, Jadranka, and Benjamin Grunberg. "Intersecting Trade, Politics and Human Rights: The Negotiation Phase of the Australia-China Free Trade Agreement."Journal of World Trade51.1 (2017): 67-104. VanGrasstek, Craig.The history and future of the World Trade Organization. Geneva: World Trade Organization, 2013. Wagners Nouvelle Caledonie Sarl v Vale Inco Nouvelle Caledonie SAS Wang, Yi.Australia-China relations post 1949: sixty years of trade and politics. Routledge, 2016. World Trade Agreement (WTO

Asil Asfour Essays (571 words) - Islam, Religion, Islamism

Asil Asfour Introduction to the Qur'an Professor Spevack 17 November 2017 The Ideologies of the Muslim Brotherhood Islamism, or Islamic fundamentalism, is the use of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles. Islamism's foundation is the full implementation of Shar'ia (Islamic) law into every aspect of a society. The Muslim Brotherhood is a transnational Islamic organization that invented and embodied the concept of Islamism since 1928. The Brotherhood was founded in Egypt by an Islamic Scholar named Hassan al-Banna, and has rapidly spread through Sudan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and various places in North Africa. The Brotherhood's long and complex history sparks a controversial debate regarding if the organization is promoting the formation of Islamic terrorist groups. The stated goal of the Brotherhood has been to instill the Qur'an and Hadith as the "sole reference point for . . . ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community . . . and state" and do this with peaceful reform. However, in the 1940s an armed w ing was formed within the Brotherhood that engaged in political violence. During this era, Sayyid Qutb, a key articulator of the ideas of radical Islamism, was an influential member of the Muslim Brotherhood. Qutb called for the use of violence to bring about fundamentalist Islamic states and was a major influence in the formation of al-Qaeda, a militant Islamist organization (Kull, 2011). This violence was displayed in the early 1950s when the Brotherhood was implicated in an assassination attempt on Egyptian President Nasser, leading to the imprisonment of its leadership and to a ban on the organization in Egypt. Though the Brotherhood dissociated itself from Qutb and sought to establish itself as a more moderate political force committed to the democratic process. The organization is suspected to having a covert radical agenda by many nations that refuse to have contacts with the Brotherhood. The Brotherhood's place in society continues to be scrutinized by the rest of the world, who question if the organization's true objectives are peaceful or malicious. Islam is derived from the word Salam, which translates to peace and is one of the most beautiful names of Allah (God) (59:23). Islam is a religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness, and the Qur'an is the mortal representation of the religion. The Qur'an is the sacred scriptures of Allah and is a central role in not only "Islamic metaphysics and theology, but also in the practical and ritual aspects of Islamic religious and spiritual life" (Nasr, 2015). The Muslim Brotherhood dedicates their organization to a religion based on peace and tranquility, and uses the Quran and Sunnah to guide their actions. This poses the question: why would the world consider them to be hostile or dangerous? To truly understand the intentions of the Muslim Brotherhood, the organization's structures of social and political systems must be understood and interpreted through the primary resources that guide their doctrine: the Qur'an and Hadith, or Prophetic pronouncements. The Muslim Brotherhood did not establish their name on the basis of the new order they strive to implement. The Brotherhood, in contrast, carries the name of an already existing society: the society of the Muslim Brothers. The Brotherhood considers their organization's ultimate goal is not an ordinary social movement, but what their organization represents is sacred, divine law - that is, Islam (Shatla 2013). -belief of brotherhood -committed to brothers -goes through a rites of passage -incorporate psychology

Free Essays on The Torah

Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach... Free Essays on The Torah Free Essays on The Torah Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach...

Tax on Fatty Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tax on Fatty Foods - Essay Example In October 2011, the Prime Minister of England revealed that his government was looking at introducing fat tax to tame the high incidences of obesity (Guardian, 2011). Cameron pointed out that he had fears over high costs and reduced life expectancy of the current generation. In the light of alarming numbers of diabetes in America, Cameron warned the country that it should consider the negative impacts of diabetes menace (Guardian, 2011). Hungary also passed fat tax in July 2011. This new tax in Hungary stipulated that the citizens of Hungary spend 0.05 US dollars on fatty foods. This is a move to cut the expenses of health care in Hungary (Buczynski, 2011). The report by European Public Health Alliance of 2011 (EPHA) revealed that in every two people one of them is overweight. The report also showed that out of four people, one had obesity. Further, the report pointed out that chronic non-communicable disease such as diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease, and cancers are associabl e with fatty foods. These diseases contribute to about 86% of all deaths in the European Region of the World Health Organization (EPHA, 2011:3). These diseases have attracted the attention of major organizations such World Health Organization and UNICEF. In December 2003, the World Health Organization suggested that nations should consider taxing food high in fat, sugar, and salt. This is to encourage people to make healthier food choices. The WHO report revealed that several countries use fiscal measures to promote availability of and access to certain foods. Other countries use taxes to decrease or increase consumption of foods. Others utilise subsidies and public funds to promote access among poor communities to sporting and recreational activities (White, 2006:6). Food taxation capitalises on the fact that people do not buy the most costly foods. This alludes that price intervention can produce meaningful changes in the patterns of food consumption and a reduction in diet-relate d diseases. In the light of this, England has proposed to introduce tax on fatty foods. This paper will discuss the arguments for and against new tax on fatty foods. The paper first addresses the arguments that support tax on food and later it will tackle the arguments against this proposal. The proposal for taxation on fatty foods is well founded. The goal of these taxes is to influence behaviour of people to meet public health goals of in England. Through this taxation, England seeks to improve the health of its citizens. There is scientific connection that fatty foods contribute to development of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes 2, obesity, and coronary diseases. The rate of these diseases increases with consumption of fatty foods. WHO reports that overweight and obesity contribute to over 2.5 million deaths each year. The report predicts that this trend will double in the year 2020 (White, 2006:6). The same report indicates that deaths from non-communicable dis eases occur in both developing and developed countries. It is, therefore, prudent for the government of England to propose to introduce taxation on fatty foods. This will prevent a large population from consuming these foods because the prices will be very high. It is evident that the fatty foods are generally cheap as compared to the natural foods. The low of these foods has made a large population in England to afford these foods on daily basis. Over-consumption of these foods results in development of health complication, which is

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 20

Marketing - Essay Example You must take note of the industrial norms, i.e. the competitors which are already existent within the relevant market. This will make you realize the extent of scope that will be successful when you decide to open up London Pride. When you know about the competition right from the onset then you also discern that how they are playing upon their strengths and what weaknesses exist within their realms. Their weak points are significant since you could play with them and implement them in your own health and fitness club. Their strengths could be replicated and you could incorporate strategies which will make you successful as well. (Baker, 1970) In fact you can exceed the strengths by giving more value to the eventual customers or members of the health and fitness clubs than the competitors are providing at the present. If the marketing environment is dull and mundane, you would have to instill confidence within the customers to come and try for their own betterment the facilities ava ilable at your health and fitness club and thus become fitter and healthier in their respective lives. The marketing environment which exists for London Pride will dictate the way under which you will exploit the strengths that you bring to the table and close down the weaknesses that are already existent within the industry. Now it up to you as to how you balance the positive and the negative stance presented by the industry and how you will counter the very same in a head on manner. Your business is what you must concern yourself with and for that you need to devise a strategy which will not only be wholesome but also exclusive for your own business. The business will only gain from the marketing environment and you should make sure that the hurdles that come your way must not deter you in the wake of launching this health and fitness club. You must get your act together and do

The Victorian Law Reform Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Victorian Law Reform Commission - Essay Example Under the present law factors that reduce a person's blameworthiness for an intentional killing may be taken into account in one of three ways. In some situations where people intentionally kill another person they may be charged with and convicted of an offence which attracts a lower sentence than murder (for example, manslaughter). In this case they will not be 'labelled' as a 'murderer'. In other situations they may not be guilty of any offence (as where they killed in self-defence) or they may be convicted of the lesser offence of manslaughter because they have a partial defence (as where they successfully argue they killed as the result of provocation). However, different legal systems take account of levels of blameworthiness in different ways. When law reform bodies have reviewed defences and partial defences to homicide, they have frequently reached different conclusions on how factors which affect the culpability of the accused should be taken into account by the criminal law. ... This allowed the courts to take into account certain human frailties. One such frailty involved the idea that the accused had been provoked into committing the act, because the victim had said or done something that caused the offender to loose control--as was deemed to be the case in the instance of a "chance medley." For the provocation defence to be invoked, the nature of the provocation had to fall into one of four categories: (1) grossly insulting assault; (2) attack upon a relative or a friend; (3) unlawful imprisonment or restraint of an Englishman; or (4) a man coming upon his wife engaged in adultery. In order to benefit from the defence, the accused had to prove that, during his response to the provocation, he was sufficiently deprived of self-control and had acted without malice. Historically, the criminal law system has justified and condoned male violence against women. It allowed a man to use "reasonable" force to ensure the respect and obedience of his spouse; it immunized husbands from prosecution for rape of their wives; it did not sanction the rape of "bad girls;" and it ignored most forms of child abuse. Our law did not even recognize the existence of sexual harassment until the mid-eighties, and the use of professional and religious power to sexually exploit subordinates has only recently been acknowledged and condemned by our justice system. More specifically, special evidentiary and substantive rules were developed for cases of wife-assault. Indeed, a woman cannot be compelled to testify against her husband, even in a case where he is accused of assault against her. This principle of "marital unity" historically "privatized" her complaint and forced her to bear the

Effective Utilization Of Human And Other All Resources Management Essay

Effective Utilization Of Human And Other All Resources Management Essay Developing effective management skills to deal with specific desire challenges and problems of every organization is the urgent need of many businesses and organizations in the global competitive environment, continues changing of technology and environment. The new tendency of training and development of successful organizations over the world today is developing effective skills in dealing with specific challenge of their own organization to reach their own goals and objectives in the new organization that characterized by networked, flat, flexible, diverse, global organization. Effective Management Skills to help people and organization improving their own effectiveness and efficiency. Globalization and continues developing technology shows we are in a period of intense competition.  Proper management is vital in these complex environments.  The quality of manager and effective management styles can determine the culture of the organisation, the productivity of its staff, and, ultimately, success or failure. A manager should have the ability to direct, supervise, encourage, inspire, and co-ordinate, and in doing so facilitate action and guide change.   Managers develop their own leadership qualities and those of others. Management utilizes planning, organisational and communications skills.   These skills are important in leadership also, but even more so are qualities such as integrity, honesty, courage, commitment, sincerity, passion, determination, compassion and sensitivity. An effective manager of an organization should have the following skills. Creative Problem Solving Skills: Describing and analyzing a problem. Identifying causes of a problem. Developing creative options and choosing the best course of action. Implementing and evaluating effective and efficiency of the decision. Communication Skills: Listening skills. Presentation skills. Feedback Skills. Report writing skills. Conflict Management Skills: Identifying sources of conflict functional and dysfunctional conflicts. Understanding personal style of conflict resolution. Choosing the best strategy for dealing with a conflict. Developing skills in promoting constructive conflicts in organization and teams. Negotiation Skills: Distinguishing distributive and integrative negotiations, position and principle negotiation. Identifying common mistakes in negotiation and ways to avoid them. Developing rational thinking in negotiation Developing effective skills in negotiation that benefits all parties involved. Self-Awareness and Improvement: Understanding the concept of self-management. Evaluate the effectiveness of self-management. Developing creative and holistic thinking. Understanding the importance of emotions in works as well in self-development. Understand of self-motivation. Effectively managing self-learning and change. There are certain other qualities required for a good manager to manage his staff. Planner A Manager has to take a long-term view; while a team member will be working towards known and established goals, the manager must look further ahead so that these goals are selected wisely. By thinking about the eventual consequences of different plans, the manager selects the optimal plan for the team and implements it. The manager ensures that work is not repeated nor problems tackled too late, and that the necessary resources are allocated and arranged. Provider The Manager has access to information, which the team needs. The role of a manager is important because authority, which the manager holds uniquely within the team and the manager, must exercise the power for the benefit of the team for the effective productivity. Protector   In any company, there are problems, which can deflect the work force. The manager should be there to guard against these and to protect the team. If a new project emerges which not given an impossible deadline. If someone in your team brings forward a good plan, you must ensure that it receives a fair hearing and that your team knows and understands the outcome. If someone is in your team has a problem at work, you have to deal with it. Inspires a Shared Vision An effective manager is often described as having a vision of where to go and the ability to articulate it. Qualities of a Manager A manager has to direct, inspire and motivate his men at work. He has to clearly set forth the objectives for them and inject in them enthusiasm to achieve the objectives. He has to be a competent person in the area of his specialization. He must be a man of open mind, moral and emotional integrity and capable to understand and solve problems. It is difficult to give an exhaustive list of all traits and qualities which go to make a successful manager. However, some of the important traits contributing to the success of managers are as follows: Ability to think It is difficult to think and think clearly and purposefully. Ability to think in clear terms and with definite purpose in view is a must for a manager to succeed. He must be able to think rationally. Broad vision A manager must be able to take into consideration the overall effect of his functioning on the company as a whole. Sectarian view, thinking in terms of my department, is not conductive to the smooth working of the company. Therefore, a manager must take a comprehensive view of each of hia action. Clear Expression One of the functions of a manager is to direct his subordinates. It means he must communicate with them. Effective communication depends upon clarity of expression. Even the best conceived idea or instruction is worthless unless it can be communicated effectively. Therefore, Technical Ability Though a manager need not be a technician, it is necessary that he possesses the necessary degree of technical competence relating to his field. This would help him to handle his subordinates effectively. Technical skills are more important at the supervisory level. Human Relations skills Human relation skills refer to ones ability to work well with others on a person to person basis and to build up cooperative group relations to accomplish organizational goals. A manager must keep in mind that he has to lead his subordinates and not to drive them. He should possess adequate knowledge of the factors and forces which go to ensure good relations, motivate people for best of their performance and generate cooperative and competent human behavior. Good Communicator The ability to communicate with people is the most important skill by managers and team members. The Manager is also the teams link to the larger organisation. He must have the ability to effectively negotiate and use persuasion when necessary to ensure the success of the team and project. Through effective communication, manager support individual and team achievements by creating guidelines for accomplishing tasks and for the career advancement of team members. Enthusiasm If Managers are negative they bring staffs down. Manager with enthusiasm, with a bounce in their step, with a can-do attitude. Many people tend to follow people with a can-do attitude. Enthusiastic Managers are committed to their goals and express this commitment through optimism. Competence Managers will be chosen based on their ability to successfully lead others rather than on technical expertise, as in the past. Having a winning track record is the surest way to be considered competent. Expertise in management skills is another dimension in competence. The ability to challenge, inspire, enable, model and encourage must be demonstrated if managers are to be seen as capable and competent. Ability to Delegate Tasks Trust is an essential element in the relationship of manager and his or her team. You demonstrate your trust in others through your actions how much you check and control their work, how much you delegate and how much you allow people to participate. Cool Under Pressure In a perfect world, projects would be delivered on time, under budget and with no major problems or obstacles to overcome. A leader with a hardy attitude will take these problems in stride. When leaders encounter a stressful event, they consider it interesting, they feel they can influence the outcome and they see it as an opportunity. Team-Building Skills A team builder can best be defined as a strong person who provides the substance that holds the team together in common purpose toward the right objective. In order for a team to progress from a group of strangers to a single cohesive unit, the leader must understand the process and dynamics required for this transformation. He or she must also know the appropriate leadership style to use during each stage of team development. The leader must also have an understanding of the different team players styles and how to capitalise on each at the proper time, for the problem at hand. Communicate the big picture   If you want your employees to work hard and be committed to your business, you have to keep them in the loop. Open communication helps foster loyalty and gives employees a sense of pride. It helps them understand how their work contributes to the companys success. Delegate work and responsibilities Some employees, share their workload with them and assign the work according to peoples strengths and weaknesses, and let employees develop their own good work habits and abilities. Help employees set goals Setting deadlines and goals helps keep employees focused, busy and motivates them to do their work. Talk to each of your employees about the companys goals, and work with them to set individual goals directly linked to your businesss mission. Make sure employees understand their professional growth path in the company. Recognize problems It is impossible to know about personality conflicts, lagging productivity or other problems in the office if you have your head in the sand. If you notice a change in an employees work habits or attitude, try to get to the root of the problem before it starts affecting the rest of your staff. Organizational Ability A manager must be a good organizer. Ability to organise well is a quality of a vital importance to make a successful manager. Dynamic Personality A manager must possess the desire to move ahead, to introduce change for better, to do something new. He must always look for doing something bigger and better. Emotional Stability A manager must be able to keep his personal likes and dislikes away from his organizational responsibility. It means that in solving the business problems of his company, he must not allow his personal feeling to influence his decisions. This requires stable emotional feelings. Integrity A manager must enjoy the unshakable confidence of both his superiors and subordinates. Botha as a person and in his actions, he must be known as a person of high moral integrity. He must remember the saying that it is not enough to be good, one must also appear to be good. Roles of a Manager Management is the effective utilization of human and material resources to achieve the enterprise objectives. The human resources or people use material resources such as machines, materials and money. It is for the management to ensure that people use material resources in the most efficient manner. Only then the objectives of the enterprise could be achieved. For the effective utilization of resources, the workers may be given adequate instructions and training. They must also be properly motivated so that they work with devotion and loyalty for the achievement of organisational objectives. For this, every manager guides and direct the efforts of a group of persons in the organisation. He defines the objectives of his group keeping in view the overall objectives of the enterprise. Each member of the group is assigned a specific task so that the targets of the group as a whole may be achieved. This is necessary for achieving the objectives of enterprise. Some of the characteristic that are common to most of the managers are as follows: Managers spend a major portion of their time in achieving coordination between human and non-human resources. Managers do much work at an unrelenting pace. Managerial tasks are characterized by brevity, variety, and fragmentation. Managers prefer live action- brief, specific, well-defined activities that are current, non-routine, and non-reflective. Managers prefer oral to written communication. Managers maintain a vast number of contacts, spending most time with subordinates, linking them with superiors and others in a complex network. It has observed that managing involves certain functions. While performing these functions, a manager has to play multiple roles. A role consist of the behavior patterns displayed by a manager within an organisation or a functional unit. Henry Mintzberg identified ten basic roles performed by managers at all levels from foreman to chief executives and classified them under three heads: interpersonal, informational and decisional. These roles describe what managers actually do. Interpersonal Roles: The first set of behaviour concerns interpersonal roles, which include the following: Figurehead: Executive managers perform a number of ceremonial duties such as representing their firm at public affairs and overseeing official functions. Lower level managers have ceremonial duties as well, perhaps on a lesser scale, including attending employees customers. Leader: This encompasses a range of duties suggested earlier including motivating workers, guiding work-related behavior, and encouraging activities that help achieve organisational objectives. Liaison: Managers find themselves acting as liaison between groups and individuals which are part of, or come in contact with, an organisation. This liaison role is important for establishing contacts with suppliers, coordinating activities among work groups, and encouraging harmony needed to assure effective performance. Informational Roles Informational roles are concerned with communication among individuals and groups, but, managers must also be skilled in gathering and using information to help make effective decisions. They should be able communicators who can transmit information and articulate decisions. Mintzbergs three informational roles are as follows: Monitor: Managers monitor activity, solicit information, gather data, and observe behaviour. Well-informed managers are prepared for decision-making and can redirect behavior to improve organizational performance. Disseminator: Here communications are reversed. Rather than receive information, managers transmit information. Obviously, this is a crucial aspect of management. Subordinates, superiors and managers of similar work groups rely on timely of information disseminated with clarity. Spokesperson: Top executives find themselves more involved as spokespersons than lower-level managers. A firms policy on competition, its philosophy customer care and its commitment to safety are topics common in executive speeches. However, managers at all levels are spokespersons who may be called upon to represent their groups. For example, when department heads meet to discuss operating budgets, they must be prepared to present information and support budget requests of their respective departments. Decisional Roles Mintzberg identified four roles within the list of his behaviour set. These are as follows: Entrepreneur: In recent years, entrepreneurs have been identified with the commitment to innovation. Managers in complex organisation act in entrepreneurial way, by constantly trying to improve their operations. They seek new ways of using resources, new technologies for enhanced performance, and new systems of organizing human resources. Disturbance Handler: This may be the best understood role of managers because they have always had the primary responsibility for resolving problems. It may also be the most stressful role as managers seem to find themselves constantly faced with disturbances that threaten the harmony and effectiveness of the organisations. Resource Allocator: The third role links planning and organizing functions and organizing functions. Managers must plan to meet their objectives and distribute resources accordingly. There will never be sufficient time, money, materials, or manpower to accomplish all that is expected, so resource allocation offers involve carefully assigning scarce resources. Negotiator: The allocation process bears on the role of negotiator. When scarce resources must be shared among many operating units, managers with superior negotiating skills will have advantages over others. However, negotiating extends to many managerial activities both inside and outside the firm. Purchase manager. For example, negotiates material prices and terms. Personnel manager negotiates union contracts. Negotiating, of course, doesnt mean conflict but it does imply face to face bargaining between managers and employees to resolve problems or formulate performance expectations. The ability to recognize the appropriate role to be played and to change roles readily is a mark of an effective manager. However, it may be concluded that at lower level, some of the decisional roles and informational roles are more important whereas at the top level interpersonal roles and decisional roles are of greater significance. At the middle level of management, informational roles are found to be more common. Effective dealing of Problems The first step in dealing with a problem employee is to identify the trouble. Many times, a simple, honest talk with an employee will dissolve issues such as occasional tardiness or minor attitude problems. Coaching requires a manager to work one-on-one with problem employees or to assign another employee to work with the employee to overcome their shortcomings. The mentor should provide the employee with feedback and solutions for improving their performance. Coaching requires patience and a substantial time investment, but it can help modify an employees behavior. Poor performance Poor performance is not always due to a lack of skills; the employee may simply be disorganized or sloppy. These habits can usually be corrected with proper guidance. If performance difficulties relate to a lack of skills, consider coaching or additional training. Job incompatibility In some cases an employee becomes a problem because their skills arent compatible with their assigned tasks or regular duties. In this case, offering the employee additional training or assigning them a different set of tasks is usually the most appropriate course of action. Sloppy work When you notice that, an employee has made some errors, point out the mistakes to the employee and monitors their work more closely. If the problem persists, speak with the employee and detail the most serious examples of problems with their work. Remember to remain positive and focus on how important the employees contribution is to the company. Create an effective message Consider the specific informational needs of executives, middle managers, supervisors and employees, and tailor your message to fit each audience. An effective message should also explain how your employees ´ day-to-day duties directly affect the companys performance and should touch on the values and pride of the employees. A direct, face-to-face interaction can help reinforce positive attitudes inspire employees and help them adapt to the change. Listen to your employees Employee feedback is critical in managing change. Holding focus groups with employees is a great way to gauge reaction and monitor the progress of change. You also can encourage employees to provide feedback through email or the company intranet. Communication is the cornerstone to successful change management. Talking to your employees is not a one-time event, and you need to reinforce your message by communicating early and often. To be an effective manager you must know yourself, your strengths and your weaknesses, and those of the people around you.   You must know your objectives and have a plan of how to achieve them.   You must build a team of people that share your commitment to achieve those objectives, and you must help each team member to achieve their best which will be able to attain a common goal.

Vincent Van Gogh :: essays research papers

On March 30, 1853 Vincent Van Gogh was born in the small village of Groot-Zundert, Holland. When he is eleven, he begins schooling where he starts to draw for the first time. People begin to notice how magnificent his works were, and after he finishes school he begins to sell his paintings to art dealers. Van Gogh starts spending more time with his brother Theo. They create a deep bond with each other and discuss things, which today, help us understand Van Gogh much better. In 1873, he joins the London branch of the art dealers he originally started out with. He spends most of his time in museums and learns a great deal of information. He likes living in London and soon falls in love with the daughter of the owner at the boarding house where he was living at the time. He gets rejected which puts him in a deep depression, which distracts him from his work. He is soon transferred to the Paris branch of the art dealer. There is not much for him Paris so within a year he returns to L ondon. Even though he is back in London, he is still very distracted in his work. At the same time, he becomes obsessed with bible studies. Van Gogh resigns from his position in 1876 and leaves for Ramsgate, England. There, he takes a job as a teacher and curates with the local minister. The more obsessive his interest in religion gets, the worse his physical and mental state get. He leaves England a year later to take up religious studies in Amsterdam. He soon comes to an end of his formal religious studies, and travels to a small coal-mining district in Belgium. Conditions for the miners are terrible, but Van Gogh reads them the bible and gives them hope. Soon enough, he devotes all of his time to helping the miners by bringing food and clothing to the miners. Although his superiors like what he is doing, they believe that his behavior and religious belief is extreme. His position in the mining district is discontinued and he suffers great depression. In 1880 comes the turning poi nt of Van Gogh’s Life. He once again becomes interested in art and takes up further education at the academy of Brussels. He spends time with another painter Anton Mauve who introduces him to water colors.